C_(60)-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的制备及其抗氧化性的研究

在非均相碱性体系中,合成了C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物,用FT-IR和1HNMR对产物的结构进行了表征。考察了C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的超氧阴离子清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、还原能力以及金属螯合能力。结果表明:C60-氨基葡萄糖衍生物对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.和羟基自由基.OH的半抑制浓度分别是0.42mg/mL和0.26mg/mL;在还原能力体系中当吸光度达到0.5时,所需C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的浓度是2.44mg/mL;在金属螯合能力体系中,C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物对亚铁离子的半螯合浓度是0.013mg/mL;即表明C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物在4个抗氧化体系中都表现出明显的抗氧化性。并且D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐在4个体系中表现出的抗氧化能力都不强,说明C60-D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物的抗氧化能力可能主要来自于C60上保留下来的双键。     

电渗析可变电荷土壤中氢氧根离子的释放与氯离子吸附的关系

The release of hydroxyl ions from two variable charge soils associaed with the adsorption of chloride in NaClO4 solutions was examined.The complete release required about 10 minutes The release decreased with the increase in the NaClO4 concentration at first and eventually was little affected by the latter.The adsorption of Cl^-1 was almost linearly related with the quantity of NaCl added to the system,while the OH^- release-NaCl curve varied with the soil type and the concentration of NaClO4.The logarithm of the quantity of released OH^- was linearly related with the pH ,The ratio of release OH^- to adsorbed Cl^- was larger in dilute NaClO4 solutions than in concentrated solutions and decreased with increasing NaCl.     

In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extracts from Algicolous Fungi

The screening of potential antioxidant activities of hydrophobic (ethyl acetate) and hydrophilic (polysaccharide) extracts from both mycelia and fermentation media of eleven algicolous fungi was performed using three antioxidant assays. Algicolous fungi were able to ferment low-cost nutrients composed of potato infusion, glucose, and natural seawater and produce hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites with antioxidant properties. Signi?cant differences were observed in antioxidant activities of extracts from the various species evaluated using total antioxidant activity (TAA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), as well as their total sugar contents (TSC) of hydrophilic extracts and total phenolic contents (TPC) of hydrophobic extracts. TSC of endopolysaccharides was higher than exopolysaccharides and showed a significant correlation with both TAA and FRAP. Most of mycelial extracts were richer in phenolics than fermentation media, and TPC of hydrophobic extracts was significantly correlated with their FRAP. Mycelial extracts for most of algicolous fungi showed higher antioxidant activities than fermentation media. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic extracts of algicolous fungi showed good antioxidant properties, especially as hydrogen-donating antioxidants, which could be considered for future applications in medicine, food production, or cosmetic industry.     

Comparison of the volatile profiles of the crumb of gluten-free breads by DHE-GC/MS

The aroma of gluten-free bread has been considered of lower quality than that of the common wheat bread. With the aim of improving the aroma of gluten-free bread, the volatile profiles of the crumb of gluten-free breads made from rice, teff, buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa flours as well as corn starch, respectively, were evaluated. Wheat bread was used as a reference and dynamic headspace extraction together with GC/MS was employed. It was found that the whole grain breads, made with teff, quinoa and amaranth flours, presented a stronger aroma with higher number of important aroma contributors. Rice bread was characterised by the highest levels in nonanal and 2,4-decadienal and corn starch bread by 2,3-pentanedione and 2-furaldehyde. Teff presented the highest abundance of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl nonanoate, but also of alcohols and aldehydes from lipid oxidation. Quinoa and amaranth were classified by the highest content in Strecker and Ehrlich aldehydes as well as 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol or 3-hydroxy-2-butanone from fermentation. Corn starch bread was the closest to wheat bread in the PCA due to the highest content mainly in 2,3-butanedione and furfural as well as the lowest contents in 1-propanol, 1-hexanol and pentanal.     

利用1,2,3-三甲氧基苯合成2,3,4,4′-四羟基二苯甲酮

为解决2,3,4,4′-四羟基二苯甲酮(4HBP)的传统合成方法中原料易氧化的问题,采用羟基保护方法,以1,2,3-三甲氧基苯(TMB)和对甲氧基苯甲酸(p-AA)为原料、伊顿试剂为催化剂,1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,首次合成重要的中间体化合物2,3,4,4′-四甲氧基二苯甲酮(4TMP),然后在BBr3/CH2Cl2体系、无水无氧、低温的条件下,将4TMP进行脱甲基反应高效合成了目标产物4HBP,目标产物收率约为86.4%,纯度≥97.59%,各金属离子均小于18.60mg/kg。通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等方法确证了中间产物和目标产物的结构。     

羟自由基氧化对牦牛肉肌原纤维蛋白生化特性的影响

为探究羟自由基(·OH)氧化处理对宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中肌原纤维蛋白氧化特性的影响,以经不同浓度(0、0.5、1、5、10、20 mmol·L^-1)羟自由基氧化体系氧化不同时间(0、0.5、1、12、24、48 h)的牦牛肉为研究对象,以未经处理的牦牛肉为空白对照,测定不同浓度不同氧化时间下肉样肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量、巯基含量、二硫键含量、表面疏水性、Ca/K-ATPase活性等指标的变化规律。结果表明,随着H₂O₂浓度的增加及氧化时间的延长,不同处理组间牦牛肉肌原纤维蛋白均表现出不同程度的氧化水平,其中羰基含量、二硫键含量和Ca-ATPase活性均呈显著增加趋势(P<0.01),而表面疏水性呈先上升后下降的趋势,巯基含量和K-ATPase活性则显著降低(P<0.01)。H₂O₂浓度增加至20 mmol·L^-1时,与空白对照组相比,羟自由基处理组羰基含量升高46.03%,而巯基含量下降79.79%。综上,羟自由基促使宰后牦牛肉成熟过程中肌原纤维蛋白发生了显著氧化,增加了蛋白的氧化程度。本研究结果为牦牛肉生产加工过程中蛋白氧化控制提供了一定的参考。     

利用低品位磷矿粉生产腐植酸复合肥的研究

低品位的磷矿粉经过酸化处理后，与褐煤一起经氨化生产出旱地荞麦专用腐植酸复合肥。经过田间试验，结果表明其效果与等效的化肥相同，因其工艺简单、价格低廉，从而为低品位磷矿资源的利用提供了依据。     

河蚬酶解液抗氧化作用的研究

以河蚬为原料,对六种蛋白酶的酶解液清除羟自由基的能力进行研究。结果表明:河蚬经酶解后可提高清除羟自由基能力;不同蛋白酶酶解液对羟自由基清除率不同,木瓜蛋白酶酶解液清除能力最强;通过正交优化试验条件:底物质量浓度为40 g/L,木瓜蛋白酶用量为22000 U/g蛋白质,酶解温度45℃,pH=7.5,酶解2 h的酶解液,对羟自由基(.OH)的清除率可达到57.89%。     

磷灰石、石灰对Cd胁迫下黑麦草根形态及Cd吸收影响研究

为考察磷灰石、石灰和黑麦草对Cd污染土壤的修复效果,通过盆栽试验研究了不同剂量磷灰石(0、6、12、24 g·kg^-1风干土,编号为CK、L1、L2、L3)和石灰(1、2、4 g·kg^-1风干土,编号为S1、S2、S3)对Cd胁迫下黑麦草生物量、根形态、黑麦草Cd含量、Cd富集量、富集系数、土壤pH、土壤有效态Cd含量等的影响。结果表明,磷灰石、石灰处理(L1,S1除外)显著增加了黑麦草生物量、根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、Cd富集量和土壤pH,显著降低了黑麦草Cd含量、Cd富集系数、根平均直径和土壤有效态Cd含量。相关性分析结果表明:除根平均直径为正相关关系外,黑麦草根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数与土壤有效态Cd含量、黑麦草地上部分及根系Cd含量、Cd富集系数呈显著或极显著负相关关系;除根平均直径为负相关关系外,其他根指标与黑麦草地上部分及根系生物量、Cd富集量呈极显著正相关关系。其中,L3处理黑麦草地上部分及根系生物量达到CK处理(不添加改良剂)的176.0倍和174.4倍;根平均直径相比CK降低了29.4%,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数分别为CK处理的20.2、21.0、21.3倍和24.5倍;黑麦草地上部分及根系Cd富集量达到CK处理的89.6倍和100.9倍。研究表明,根形态受土壤有效态Cd含量的影响显著,并可通过影响黑麦草生物量及Cd吸收决定其Cd富集量,施用24 g·kg^-1的磷灰石并种植黑麦草能很好地修复Cd污染土壤。     

腐殖质生理活性及其与化学组成关系的研究进展

腐殖质（HS）是生物体外具备生物学活性的最稳定有机物形式之一。本文综述了HS的化学组成、结构特征和生理活性,依据HS化学组成、结构特征和生理活性的相互关系探讨了HS具有生理活性的内在机制。HS化学组成具有不确定性,超分子结构假设目前被普遍接受。HS通过促进根毛形成和侧根发育、激活质膜H⁺-ATP酶产生有利的电化学梯度以及自身酸性官能团的螯合作用等促进植物对矿质元素的吸收利用; HS具有类激素活性,植物根际促生细菌（PGPR）分泌物或HS自体组分吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）能够激活细胞质膜H⁺-ATPase,HS还能够增加内源植物激素水平,促进植物生长发育; HS通过介导信使NO激活细胞质膜H⁺-ATPase,清除HS与细胞作用产生的活性氧（ROS）,HS通过NO和抗氧化酶调节细胞内ROS稳态,介导根系发育和形态结构。本文还着重探讨了HS生理活性与化学组成的相关性,其中官能团—COOH和—OH活性位点的作用、醌基的电子传递,以及HS亲水疏水平衡与HS生理活性密切相关。未来HS研究工作的重点在于深入研究HS分子结构、明确具备生理活性的“共性结构原件”、阐明HS诱导胞内信号传导通路之间的交叉反馈机制、揭示HS对细胞内物质和能量代谢相关基因表达的调节机制。